Of Mice and Men - George and Lennie seem to have a very close friendship :: English Literature

Of Mice and Men - George and Lennie seem to devote a very closemouthed friendship throughout the story.Of Mice and MenGeorge and Lennie seem to have a very close friendship throughout thestory. This is strange because they are completely different from severallyother mentally, as well as physically. The author tells us that Georgeis a small, quick and defined man. He is the leader of the two men andmakes all the plans. Lennie view him a great deal. Lennie is huge,and very strong, but he has the mentality of a child. He reliesheavily on George, as he cannot fend for himself. He endlessly tries hisbest to imitate Georges actions and an example of this is when thetwo men are at the beach. George lay back on the sand and crossed hishands under his head, and Lennie imitated him, raise his head to seeif he were doing it right. This shows just how much Lennie looks upto George and wants to be like him. It is not, however, a one-sidedfriendship. George must be very close to Lennie bec ause he goes to alot of trouble to make sure that they both stay together. When Lenniegot himself into trouble in Weed George didnt abandon him they ranaway to a different counterpane together. I think George relies on Lenniefor companionship because of the unfriendly and lonely environmentthey are in. he obviously cares about lennie because he says, God,youre a lot of trouble. I could get along so easy and so nice if Ididnt have you on my tail. I could live so easy and maybe have agirl. If George wanted to leave Lennie and change his lifestylecompletely, he easily could. But he stays with Lennie throughout thewhole book so they must have a special friendship.In contrast to George and Lennies friendship, Curley and his wife donot seem to have a very good relationship at all. Even though they aremarried, the two of them are neer seen together in the story. Theyalways claim to be looking for each other, but never find one another.At one point in the book Curleys wife comes into the bunk hearthstone andflirts with the men, whilst pretending to be looking for Curley. Sheasks Slim if he has seen Curley. Slim tells her that Curley went intothe house and she obviously hasnt been looking for him very well. Weare then told her reaction to his answer, She was suddenlyapprehensive. Bye Boys she called into the bunk-house and she

Pressures Of Industry On Education :: essays research papers

With the high rate of adolescent unemployment an economic reality, the secondary gentility system needs to concern itself with the occupational future of the youth of America. Vocational fosterage bring home the bacons students with an alternative to a college degree. When vocational education is used in community with local industries, a unique relationship is formed in which both institutions can benefit. These benefits include the following1. Educational institutions offer quick and ready gateway to facilities and trained personnel. 2. An exchange of goods for services rendered allows for savings to industry and an opportunity for the institution to provide important community service.3. A cooperative effort between education and industry is time efficient and cost effective. 4. Community, educational, and industrial interchange be enhanced and appreciated. 5. Opportunities for expanded cooperation between education and industry on future occasion are enhanced.6. Opportunit ies for more active counseling roles in industry are expanded.Furthermore, the United States Office of Education 1975 policy paper states the followingwhile initial implementation of life story education will be relatively inexpensive, total educational reform is going to be expensive the days of educational isolationism are past. It is time that our formal education system join forces with all other segments of the total society to meet the varied and continuing educational needs of both youth and adults all must collaborate in providing appropriate educational opportunities for all citizens.During times of slow economic growth and high technological change, many a(prenominal) industrial firms suffer themselves needing fewer employees or are forced to replace their workforce with individuals who have updated technological skills. With this in mind, the education system should find ways to adapt to the current employment needs of the society. Of the several kinds of process-orie nted approaches to educational change (e.g. year round education or acquiring a higher counselor-student ratio), career education represents the most logical and certainly the most available approach for consideration by career guidance professionals.By joining forces, schools and industries can find ways to benefit one another. Teaching job-specific skills in the classroom can provide students with the necessary background for participating in summer internships. These internships will provide students with valuable work experience that will make them much more marketable upon graduation, not to mention give them extra money to save for college if they so desire. Summer work programs can also benefit the instructors so that they can keep up-to-date with the current advances in technology that influence the industries which they support.

The Next Great Wall Essay -- Encryption Technology Essays

The Next Great WallThe attacks of September 11, 2001 on the piece Trade Center triggered the passing of the the States Patriot Act to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes.1 It passed quickly and with little debate. Soon, encoding of information became a topic to address and efforts took place to allow the government backdoor access to anything encrypted by products developed within the United States. This generated much controversy and was opposed by many organizations. It did not take long before the supporters of these encryption bills backed down. The Chinese government, on the other hand, did not go through such(prenominal) a process. Restrictions on encryption technology imported to or developed within China welcome been put forth. Their attempts at such control transmission line what the United States considers is a denial of our rights to privacy even when addressi ng national security. The U.S. has acknowledged the significance of supporting free encryption policies while Chinas restrictions have shown they are even more limiting, unenforceable and morally wrong in how it affects its citizens as well as its international neighbors. U.S. PoliciesAddressing encryption technology over the lastly 5 years has been a challenge for establishing policy in the United States. Development of advanced encryption technology heightened towards the end of the 20th century and questions on its usage soon came into play. On February 23, 1999, the Security and Freedom Through Encryption (SAFE) Act was introduced to affirm the rights of United States persons to use and sell encryption and to relax exportation controls on encryption.2 In addition, o... ...urnal. (back)Moore, Tim (2003), IEEE P802.11 Wireless LANs Draft 5.1, Retrieved February 7, 2004, from the World Wide vane IEEE (MS Word Document). (back)CNET Asia Staff (2003), China Wi-Fi codes to be contr olled by 11 firms, Retrieved January 25, 2004, from the World Wide Web CNet News. (back)Freeman, Charles W. III (2004), Deputy Assistant USTR Feb. 5 Testimony, Retrieved February 7, 2004 from the World Wide Web USInfo.State.Gov. (back)Shim, Richard (2003), China Implements new Wi-Fi security standard, Retrieved January 25, 2004 from the World Wide Web CNet News. (back)Shim, Richard (2003), China Implements new Wi-Fi security standard, Retrieved January 25, 2004 from the World Wide Web CNet News. (back)Gossett, Sherie (2002), e-Freedom fighters forge new weapon, Retrieved February 7, 2004 from the World Wide Web World Net Daily. (back)

Free College Admissions Essays: A Time of Growth :: College Admissions Essays

A Time of Growth After months of waiting, I found out that I was one of the few individuals selected for a public-health internship at the institution Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Switzerland. I arrived in Geneva at the end of May, and began my internship at that time. On my way to work I passed by the joined Nations complex, the International Red Cross and Crescent Museum, and many other international edifices. As I strolled into the World Health Organization for the first time, I was in disbelief, the WHO is the epitome of the health arena. Public Health itself is, of course, extremely interesting to me, but more specifically one personally intriguing area is Sexually contagious Infections (STIs). I worked all summer in the department of STI Surveillance and Epidemiology. My specific project was to redesign and create a new global database for the surveillance of STIs. I completed my project and gave a presentation. I also created a CD-Rom to instruct new users on t he details of the database, and a Microsoft Power Point transformation print out is included in this summary. In addition to the tremendous amount of knowledge I attained specifically while working on my project, I also gained vast experience in the complete functioning of a mass public health structure and international health issues. My co-workers and I easily established a professional relationship and soon became friends. I was invited into their lives and homes as they opted to share their food and culture with me. Throughout my time abroad I also made the most of the opportunity to explore Europe. My WHO supervisors were very receptive and encouraging of my desire to travel. I had the opportunity to travel to various places in Italy, Spain, France, Monaco, and Switzerland.

Hitlers Rise To Power :: essays research papers

As most throng on this planet know, World War II has been everyplace for more than than 50 old age. The ideals of Hitler, a man wanting to eliminate all Jews and minorities, are views that can be questioned. Most people have difficulties accepting failure, and when failure arises people look elsewhere to blame someone else for their shortcomings. In society these people are called scapegoats. The question that comes to mind is Who was Hitler and what were his thoughts?Most prominent leaders that can be thought of as great dictators were extremely forceful. Julius Caesar and Napoleon both lift up during troubling times of their country. They did this by going to war and winning, they would take over a country, set up a government, and then move on. Hitler was the exact opposite, he was a barbarian who ruled by striking fear into people. They work out me as an uneducated barbarian. Yes, we are barbarians We want to be barbarians It is an honorable title. (Rauschning, Hermann. Th e Voice of Destruction New York, 1940, p.80) The government that Hitler proposed had no real law. The people were to follow what they were told by those who were ranked above them, thus always leading back to Hitler. Hitler taught children to spy on their parents, and then report their wrong doings. He wanted people to abominate their neighbors. He wanted those people of different, and for that matter wrong religions, political party, and/or race to be eliminated. A lot of the time when people look at history books and see a leader such as Hitler they might think that it was a long time ago, or that people were not that smart. Hitler rose to power in a time when people were literate, a majority of people were fairly smart, and none the less it was a mere 50 years ago. As most people across the globe will agree Hitler had unsightly political views. He p spended that before a government can reach a victory or a happy state it must first undergo a change. This is why the nazi movement was necessary. Hitler preached propaganda, the information that today would be found in The National Enquire. What he preached was what people wanted to hear, it was an easy route out of all of their troubles. He was able to relay his means across the people in Germany and draw more than a third of a vote in a free contested election.

Hitlers Rise To Power :: essays research papers

As most people on this planet know, World War II has been over for more than 50 years. The ideals of Hitler, a man wanting to eliminate all Jews and minorities, are views that can be questioned. Most people have difficulties accepting failure, and when failure arises people ascertain elsewhere to blame someone else for their shortcomings. In society these people are called scapegoats. The question that comes to mind is Who was Hitler and what were his judgements?Most prominent leaders that can be thought of as great dictators were extremely forceful. Julius Caesar and Napoleon both rose up during troubling times of their country. They did this by going to war and winning, they would take over a country, set up a government, and then move on. Hitler was the exact opposite, he was a barbarian who ruled by striking fear into people. They regard me as an uneducated barbarian. Yes, we are barbarians We want to be barbarians It is an honorable title. (Rauschning, Hermann. The Voice of D estruction New York, 1940, p.80) The government that Hitler proposed had no real law. The people were to follow what they were told by those who were ranked above them, thus always leading back to Hitler. Hitler taught children to spy on their parents, and then report their wrong doings. He wanted people to hate their neighbors. He wanted those people of different, and for that matter wrong religions, political party, and/or race to be eliminated. A lot of the time when people look at tale books and see a leader such as Hitler they might think that it was a long time ago, or that people were not that smart. Hitler rose to condition in a time when people were literate, a majority of people were fairly smart, and none the less it was a mere 50 years ago. As most people crossways the globe will agree Hitler had unsightly political views. He preached that before a government can reach a victory or a happy state it must first undergo a change. This is why the nazi movement was necessa ry. Hitler preached propaganda, the information that today would be found in The National Enquire. What he preached was what people wanted to hear, it was an easy route out of all of their troubles. He was able to relay his message across the people in Germany and draw more than a third of a vote in a free contested election.

Study skills for distance learner

This type of education has gained its growing popularity with the developing of Internet, even paving in the different move of the world, students can simply interact with their teachers and exchange materials over the net. Distance instruction has a lot of advantages t chapeau have got It really a strong and potential contender against a traditional education. For example, by attending a keep learning course, learners can subscribe to at their own place, with their own cartridge holder and flexible records blend different actively simultaneously. It Is also utilizable for people over 25 who mostly have a full time Job and can study after It.Also It Is a great financial advantage as during stance learning, travel expenses and educational fees be significantly lower. Distance learning is defined as a stock of education in which learners and instructors are separated during the majority of the instruction furthermore, learners have the opportunity to learn whenever a comp uter is accessible to them Monsoons, 2003 Andre, 2005, Anderson, 2008). within this pertly technology era, nothing is possible anymore. Prosthetic (2010) agreed and added that increasing sack-based technologies have significantly influenced the dynamics of teaching and learning.The online aroma has lead distance learners and their Instructors Into new possibilities for interaction and Information access Monsoons, 2003 Prosthetic 2010). In many circumstances, respond to distance learning and education programs have been positive, although more re look is indispensabilityed. There are many different techniques that are used in the distance learning. The most popular and efficient are e-mails, forums, faxes, print materials, video recordings, internet radio, teleph nonpareil, live streaming and many more.Thanks to all these technologies, distance learners can receive the same learning source such as terrestrial, worksheets and writing assignments same as full time students on cam pus. Definition of study skills Study skills can be defines as a combination skills of ability distinguishledge and experience that enables a person to do something well (http. / skill is vital for distance leaner in order to help them to cope with their studies. Research shows that learning skills influence academic achievement whereby they conjure up increasing in academic skills and performance.The significance of learning skills is also shown in the many instruments that have evolved. There are several hypes of study skills. Students will need to improve deferent skills at different times in their career. They will also wish to use different methods according to their particular need and learning style time. What then are the study skills that students need to improve, apart from those taught inside the program? They can be divided into four stages time counseling, billhook taking, schooling seeking and conference skills.Distance learning program tend to have a looser stru cture and many students are studying on board a Job or personal commitments. Working out hen you can study and how to make best use of precious study time is essential if the student is going to succeed. Good organizational skills are also essential to deal with course materials and administrative matters. Knowing how to get advice, are skills worth developing, including when and from whom, as distance learners a good deal have to be their own advocates and need to develop the resourcefulness to do this.Time management Time Management skills are crucial for successful people. These are the useful techniques that have helped the leading people in sport, business and public service each the high points of their careers. Time management is the way you regulate or schedule your time. Learning good time management techniques can motivate you to accomplish your goals. (Rite O Donahue, Mill, M. A. (Deed) 2005-2006) National University of Ireland, Galway) by keeping Journal activity for s everal times helps you to know when you perform at your best and understand how you spend your time.Dont change your daily routine, note down everything that you always do. Every time you change activities, whether working, qualification coffee, initiation mail, talking with colleagues or whatever, note down any changes. Same goes with recording activities, note your feeling, whether, flat, tired, alert, energetic, etc. Do this regularly through with(predicate)out the day. Time management has been depict using many terms including balance, spontaneous, flexibility, and having check out over time (Laurie Ann M. Hellenizes (2012) What do we know well-nigh time management Lankier 1973).Many people experience time management problems and suffer from time pressure and an increasingly fast pace of life (Hawkins & Klaus, 1997 Major, Klein, & Rather, 2002 McCullough, 1984 Attachment, Dotterels, & Parker, 1996 Heisenberg, Bergsten, Cote, Craver, & Heath, 1982). There are several skills in time management, such as planning, proportioning, organizing, and refer making and persevering. By having a good time management its helps us to become more productive, stress free and you will be able to bring forth your own free time when you are needed.As a distance learner, time management skills are vital in order for you to cope with your studies. Management effectives in increasing your learning skills. However, individuals who participated in a time management program did perceive more control over their mime after the program. Perceived control over time was related to positive outcomes. Individuals who perceived having more control over their time reported fewer Job induced tensions, fewer stresses, and great Job satisfaction than individuals who did not perceive themselves as having control over their time.Note making and note taking Note making and note taking is one of the most-valuable study skills for distance learners. What to note down and how detailed the n otes should be, sticks time to develop. It is difficult therefore you need to develop you self with basic skills of note postulation and note taking. The ability to take good notes will help you save time and focus on your studies. The difference between note taking and note making is, notes taking is happen when you listen to e-tutorial lecturer, seminar or writing down what other people say by taking significant notes from it.In dissimilarity, note making involves a process of personal understanding. You will remember the entire note that you making by your own because you are learning and understand the topic. This may take several time to pass with flying colors. Yet, it is much more efficient and effective in arms of learning than trying to sort out lecture notes and read school text books in great haste before an important test or exam. Note taking its difficult than making note. Some of the approaches from reading note-taking also been oblige to listening note- taking.T his is because you cannot control the flow of a speech, you cannot expect the tutor to repeat the entire tutorial. You need to prepare yourself before coming to the class, such as do a pre revision or pre read of the topic so that you can easily understand during the lecture. Note making will reinforce your understanding of hat you have read for the course. As such, you are urged to use these skills effectively to prepare yourself for the tutorial class. J Song, M. (2012) agreed that note taking and note making effectives in enhance personal skills especially in learning skills.Information seeking skills As a distance learning student, one of the crucial challenges for us to success in our studies is our information seeking skills. This is because in the current era we are living now, the way people post, store and even seek information make it easier for us to access faster and easier for all sorts of information. Students need to have knowledge on seeking the correct and proper in formation that related to their studies. On top of that, it is important for students to have a good decision making skills and critical thinking to be successful in the learning process.First of all, students need to identify the various sources purchasable for the information. One of the sources which are superior in quality of results which is from the OPAC or Online Public Access Catalogue which is an electronic or online catalogue for materials available from the library. Another source for distance learners to search the information is from electronic databases such as Emerald, Prosiest, NSP e-Media and BLISS to name a few bibliographic records of books, Journal articles, reports, book famous form of searching information in this information age is the Internet.Web search engine such as Google or Yahoo have developed their own search algorithm that can help students retrieve information, Journals, e-book, articles etc. Easier and faster. Research has shown that distance learn ers decide on using the Internet resources as their primary source in seeking for the information for their studies. Sati and Appropriator (2008) consider that almost all students use the Internet because it is convenient, easy and quick access.While the web search engine may be the easiest and high-velocity way to search for information, distance learners must remember that the accuracy and validity of information retrieved on the internet should be concerned. However most distance learners silence choose web search engine such as Google to search for their daily information needs. Thompson, A. J. (2007) found that 83 percent of students from her research used web pages as their daily information resources. The tendency of distance learners uses the Internet for information searching because of the time constraint distance learners have.Many distance learners are studying alongside a Job or family commitments. Communication skills Communication is one of the most important aspect s in distance learner. Julia Wood defines colloquy as a systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings (pa topic 4 module English Communication). Communication is effective when the recipient of the heart understands its meaning and can utter that meaning back to the speaker or the ender of the inwardness. In a meanwhile, an ineffective communication occurs when the meaning is not understood.Good communication is important in helping you to enhance the quality of work, develop a stable relationship and inhibit misunderstandings, and navigate daily deadlines. Good communication skills also communicate people an edge in getting the Jobs they want and help them move up the ladder to better paid positions. There are three types of communication in the workplace, which are formal communication, informal communication and non-verbal communication. Formal communication is a message or information delivered wrought the organization.B artok and Martin, define formal communication as Formal communication refers to vertical and horizontal communication that flows path specified by the official hierarchical organizational structure and related business (http//thebusinesscommunication. Com). Example, in a workplace where employee getting information or instruction from superior is consider as a formal communication. The formal communication is aimed to complete a tasks to meet the management goals. Informal communication can be defined as informal and spontaneous or also known as a grapevine. Grapevine is an informal network of information among employees.Grapevine can be defined as rumors, even though they are rumors it is also useful to management. This is because through the grapevine, management is capable to deliver information and receive feedback faster without involving too much high cost in achieving it. Informal communication is designed to express the individual desires and interests. People are more rela xed and comfortable when they are in an informal gathering where they sharing or barriers. Example, when you communicate with your lecturer after class, you are ore comfortable because it is more flexible and no formal communication required during that time.Nonverbal communication is a type of communication that does not involve writing, either actors line or verbal. Nonverbal communication is the best technique to communicate emotions. Nonverbal communication involves many different channels that express meaning beyond what is cosmos said. These include body movements, facial expressions, gestures and even vocal tone and pitch. Much of the signed information we get from people comes from the eyeball (Bloomberg Business Library last Office Politics. 006, pop-45. App). Nonverbal communication represents you to other people.Nonverbal communication plays an important role in the workplace, especially when you are dealing with the public. Your body gestures, the way you talk and eyes contact can tell a lot about yourself to the other person whether or not you are care, if you are being honest, and how well you are listening. The public can gain trust, clarity and rapport when the nonverbal signal match up with the words you are saying. Otherwise, when they do not understand the message or the message not received well this can create tension, struts and confusion.Eye contact, by looking a person in the eyes when making conversation is often considered the ultimate form of respect. You also can tell them by looking in the eyes that what they are saying is important and understood. Tone of congressman also one of the important element in nonverbal communication skills. Tone of component part provides powerful clues into your true feelings throughout pitch, inflection and volume. For example, tone of voice is a quick sign of sarcasm, confidence, frustration or agreement. Nonverbal communication is not only crucial in workplace but also in our daily routine l ife especially for distance learner.Whether interviewing for a Job, working with a client, or interacting with your colleague, by being able to understand and use nonverbal signals is a powerful tools in enhance human interactions and working skills. Communication skills whether its formal, informal or nonverbal, it is vital for distance learner. This is because it is helping you to understand better about the studies. Effective communication starts with you. It may require some time and effort to get it right, but you will see the benefits in outstanding performance and purport.Conclusion It is prove from the research studied shown that study skills is vital for distance learners. As a distance learner, it is essentially important to plan your study and monitor your progress to make sure that you were on the right track with your studies. There are many information in the student services and website to help you with your learning. This page provides information that distance lear ning students, in general may find it useful for their studies. It helps them to understand and cope with their studies.

Are there differences in the forms of Christianity and Judaism that are dominant in both the East and the West?

I would like to disagree with the statement that there atomic number 18 differences in the forms of Christianity and Judaism that argon dominant in some(prenominal) the East and the West. godliness is a ritualistic institution. The rules, belief systems and to a fault the goals of each specific religion are agreed upon and standardized across the globe. Whatever differences are seen in the midst of each are simply variations that come as a depart of coating. There are cultural differences inherent in the midst of every nation. The difference is non a result of religion changing forms alone of people having antithetic ethnic traditions and cultural backgrounds.These alter religion only in the fringes, in the aspects where the most canonic and core functions of the express religion are not applicable. For example, languages used in different Christian churches are different. This can result in a fairly different message but in the end there is only one core message Jesus C hrist is the Lord and Savior. Judaism, a stricter spectral form than Christianity, is much the same in the West and in the East. Again, the difference lies only in the cultural difference and the developmental changes that occur as a result of being in different places.However, the skeleton, the framework, of the religion still holds true and thus I believe that there are no specific differences between Eastern and Western versions of religion except for cultural positionors which cannot be helped and which do not affect the basic essence of religion Comment on pack Otis response I agree that the underlying values and traditions of teachings of religions like Christianity are essentially the same across the West and the East. The presentation of Otis ideas, however, seems to be confusing in that they try to tie up the different religions with one an opposite.The problem is not the differences between religions but rather the difference between the design of these religions in t he West and in the East. I in addition disagree with the fact that slavery, self-preservation, and becoming a free nation are reasons for watered down versions of religion in the West. There are many nations in the East that were colonized by Western powers. Being colonies, most of the natives in these countries were subjected to statuses much like slaves in the East and were in any case at the receiving end of a strife for self-preservation and freedom.Following the logic of slavery, self preservation and free nationhood in the West, morals in the East should as well as admit been watered down. This reasoning, therefore, does not hold and there is no reason to believe that these are the reasons for the differences of practice in Western and Eastern versions of Christianity and Judaism. It is a press of culture and tradition and not of issues of nationhood and the like. QUESTION 2 Response I dont think its fair that there should be a comparison of importance of peoples lives. However, in my opinion, horse parsley the Great was able to turn over the most to the development of Asia.Although he was a conqueror and although he subjugated different nations of Asia, he was also what I would consider to be the first instrument of globalization. He did not only encourage the interaction of cultures but he also established a unifying language as well as a unifying currency between the lands he conquered. Alexander the great encouraged the mingling of cultures between the West and the East. Debates still continue today to on whether Alexander wanted to better the world or whether he simply wanted to rule it. Either way, his legacy in Asia is indubitable.He was able to found at least 70 cities in both Asia and Africa. Alexander also established many trade routes in order to establish better economic flows between East and West which enriched both sides. Of the three men, I also believe that Marco Polo was able to affect the development of Asia the least. This is because all he was really known to aim done was to travel and document his travel a big the Silk thoroughfare to china. I am not undermining the efforts of Marco Polo but in comparison with Alexander the Great and Genghis Khans contributions to Asia, he can easily be said to have contributed the least to the history of Asia.I believe that if it hadnt been Marco Polo, someone traveling along the Silk Road would have eventually documented it too and it would have been their take that would have increased curiosity and interest in Asia. Marco Polo was by no means the first traveler along the Silk Road. However, he was the author of the most long-familiar book about travel to China. As a result, he has held a position of esteem in history. However, the efforts of Alexander the Great and of Genghis Khan in ontogeny Asia far outstrip that of Marco Polos thus my belief that he has the least important role in the development and progress of Asia.Comment on Patrick Carters response Geng his Khan was not only a conqueror bent on improving military skills and on expanding the territory of his kingdom. Many negative impressions of Genghis Khan and his Mongolian Horde persist until today. However, its also true that he left many positive legacies for Asia. For one, he was responsible for the cohesion of the Silk Road. This allowed for the creation of better lines of communication and trade between the West and the East. Also, he was much like Alexander in that he tolerated different religions. This would explain why the religions of China persisted even after the Mongols ruled there.Genghis Khan was a strong leader who passed on his belief systems and passion to the Mongol rulers who came after him. Although Carter is right in saying that Marco Polos travels and books increased knowledge about the East, this knowledge was only highly significant to those in the West. Development of Asia was not dependent on having the Western society ascertain much about Eastern c ustoms and practices. Thus although Genghis Khan was a military man with violent tendencies, I still believe that he was more able to enhance the growth of Asia as unconnected to Marco Polo. QUESTION 3 ResponseThe Mughal Dynasty was the ruling power over India around 1526-1720 while the Ming Dynasty ruled China during 1368-1644. The two dynasties overlapped chronologically and in damage of their contributions to both India and China, there have also been many similarities. somewhat of the major architectural kit and caboodle in both countries were created during these periods. The Taj Mahal and the Forbidden City are two of the most popular, although definitely not the only, structures from the Mughal and Ming Dynasty. Both dynasties showed a flourishing of the arts. Literature, music, and language grew and developed during both dynasties.Trade and economy also developed during both dynasties. In the Mughal dynasty, but not in the Ming dynasty, religion also flourished as the Mu ghal emperors were tolerant of different religious systems. With regards to economics, development was also different in form. In the Mughal dynasty, trade flourished thanks to the trade routes established to the Arabic and Turkish lands. In the Ming dynasty, on the other(a) hand, economy flourished as a result of an imposition of higher taxes on richer individuals and redistribution of wealth and land to the poorer citizens.The Mughal dynasty was also able to adapt a new form of government, one that was centralized. This was not previously ripe in India. The Ming dynasty, on the other hand, simply adopted the form of government taken by the past dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty. In my opinion, both dynasties were able to contribute much to their respective countries. However, I also believe that the Mughal Dynasty contributed more to the present day life of India as opposed to the Ming Dynasty.Centralized government, tolerance for religion and the architectural works created during the Mughal Dynasty continue to permeate the lifestyle of the citizens of India today. Also, the legacy of the Mughal Dynasty were unique to them. No dynasty before them were able to inspire such radical and important changes in India. The Ming Dynasty, on the other hand, was not the only dynasty to encourage the flourishing of arts in China. Its economic reforms were also not radically astounding that they changed the way of life of the Chinese up to this day. This is not to say that the legacy of the Ming Dynasty is irrelevant.It is simply an argument that it was not a greater cause of change in China as compared to the Mughal Dynastys personal effects on India. The Forbidden City, one of the greatest architectural works during that time, also had counterparts in past dynasties such as the Great Wall and the Great Canal. Visuals and literary works were also equally distributed across dynasties. It is my belief, therefore, that the Mughal Dynasty was able to contribute more to India. Co mment on Shane Courseys response Simply enumerating the different aspects of both dynasties does not serve the purpose the response was supposed to have.It is not clear from this response in what ways both dynasties are similar and in what ways they are different. Yes, both dynasties are great in their own right but there is still a point of comparison with regards to which was able to contribute more to their respective countries. A dynasty, being a ruling power in a given country, is unique to that country and will therefore have striking differences from other dynasties within the same country and across dynasties of different countries. This should be the main thrust of the response.An analysis of which of the two dynasties was able to give more to each India or China. It is not a discussion of what these dynasties brought but rather, it is a discussion of how one fared in comparison to the other. In my opinion, Indias Mughal Dynasty fared better than Chinas Ming Dynasty. This is seen when one dissects the aspects of both dynasties. There are clear differences both in economy and style of government. In terms of art and literature, both flourished but when hardened in the context of the past Chinese dynasties, the Ming dynasty was not unique in this flourishing of the arts.Thus the Mughal Dynasty was able to contribute more to present-day India and its culture as opposed to the Ming Dynasty and present-day China. QUESTION 4 Response China, Korea, and lacquer are thre Asian countries that are inextricably linked in terms of cultural grow. There are those that claim that all three nations are derived from an early form of Mongolian ancestry as the Mongols were very much scattered across Asia in the earliest parts of history. However, all three nations would also claim to have religious origins, believing themselves to have descended from gods, thus rejecting what common ancestor they might all have had.In terms of culture, however, it is very clear th at both Japan and Korea have Chinese roots. Japans link with China may be explained by the fact that it was once colonized by mainland China during its early history. As a result, Japanese today are seen to utilize Chinese characters in their Japanese alphabet. Some games in Japan have Chinese origins. An example would be the Japanese game called Go which was actually derived from the Chinese board game Wei Chi. Korea, on the other hand, may be linked to China due to its proximity. The colonization of Korea by Japan may have also been a bridge for cultural transfer.There have also been numerous Chinese immigrants to Korea over time which may also explain the Chinese roots that Korea has today. Evidence of Koreas link to China is the musing practice of Son which was derived from the Chinese meditation of Chan. On another note, this also has a version in Japan which is called Zen. Despite similarities between the three countries, the differences between them remain clear. Because of Japans isolation from the outside world, they were able to develop a unique culture separate from China and Korea. Chinas long uninterrupted history has also assured it a unique identity.Korea, on the other hand presents a unique mixture of Chinese, Japanese and Mongolian culture based on the unique history of Korea, itself. Today, all three countries are on tenuous grounds with regard to their relationships. However, South Korea and China would seem to be more aligned as agreements between the two countries are under discussion. Japan and China, however, are finding it hard to look eye to eye in many issues as they have numerous controversies regarding economics, politics, and even technology. Comment on Nhia Francis response The response failed to address the link between Korea and China.Although the relationship of China and Japan is clearer, there are links between Korea and China. How did the exchange in cultures occur? What mechanisms brought about the belief that Japan and Ko rea have Chinese roots? Is it in terms of ancestry or is it simply because of the closeness of the cultures they exhibit? I agree that many of the cultural practices of Japan have derivations from China. However, does this indicate that Japan has Chinese roots? Or does it simply mean that their cultures are similar? Also, the relationship of the three countries today should be analyzed.

Go Greek

Becca Papineau English 101-18 Schwaller Es read Draft 3 October 26, 2012 Go GREEK Being a part of something, and cognize you exit always be accepted for who you ar is one of the opera hat opinionings in the world. Learning life-long skills that you know that volition benefit you in the future is in like manner a rewarding experience. Joining a sorority or fraternity is something most stack put one acrosst regret. You have to give it a chance, in enunciate to succeed. People judge the Grecian system before they learn allthing ab away it.They befuddle assumptions that are most likely not true. They make assumptions from hear say only. You need to experience it, before you judge. Lauren Borders negative outlook on the Greek system is mistaken, because she overlooks the positives like sisterhood and brotherhood, scholarship, and leadership, and what they have to offer. In Pledging to neer rush a criticism of Greek life at Tufts, published in The Tufts Daily, student at Tuft s University Lauren Border writes how she is against the Greek life system at Tufts.She doesnt understand why people would want to join an physical composition that gives you so many an(prenominal) bad names, and separates women from men, and men from women. In the article she did want to make clear that she does not dislike the people in the Greek life establishment. She has nothing against them she is just against the establishment. She doesnt like how the sexes are separated. She doesnt understand that women are still trying to make a step up in the world and become equal to men, save then they have these establishments that separate them.She is in addition very against the hazing aspect on both sides of the Greek system. Girls egos are shut down, and men have to prove something, just to be part of something. She is stating that you can feel belonged to something and not have to partake in any of these things. In the article she states, I am convinced that Greek life usually does much more(prenominal) harm than good. She wants a change at Tufts and she is hoping that this article will make people wake up and see that t here are other options out there. Borders opinion on he Greek system lacks credibility when she points out the flaws of the Greek system. For every point she makes, she does not have any proof to hazard it up with. Also Border makes all of her judgments ground off of the Tuft University Greek Life, when in reality not all Greek Life is the same on every campus nationwide. She is judging without knowing. Unlike Border I am currently part of a Greek establishment and it is the best decision I have ever made. I have only been in the house for three months, and I have experienced things I dont think I would have ever experienced if I didnt join.I dont know if its because I go to the University of Idaho, only some of the stuff she mentions are not true. For example, Border states in the article that girls have it way worse in the Greek s ystem than guys, but here at the University of Idaho, its the complete opposite. Absolutely no hazing is allowed, and if the house gets caught it will be shut down. No exceptions what so ever. There are many benefits for get together a Greek establishment. Border only looks at all the negatives, and doesnt even bother to consider the positives. unmatched of the multiple benefits for joining a Greek establishment is friendship and sisterhood/brotherhood you gain. When joining a house you have the avail of meeting people of various backgrounds with both different yet exchangeable interests. The ideal of sisterhood/brotherhood is the principal foundation upon which each fraternity/ sorority is built and from which you will receive the greatest benefit. You will always have people pushing you to be the very best you can be, and will be there when the going gets tough.Another benefit for joining an establishment is the academic side of it. One of the main purposes of the fraternity or sorority community is to develop and encourage high scholastic achievement among the members. Within the house you have the opportunity to take advantage of peer tutoring, upperclassman counseling, and chapter study hours. Those chapter study hours give the newest members a good sense of the change of study habits they are going to have to become accustom to in order to be successful in college.Also, there is the fact that your brothers/sisters can offer all kinds of academic advice after their experiences. There are so many benefits in joining a house, but I am only going to mention one more. When you join a fraternity or sorority you will be offered the opportunity to take on a leadership position. Leadership positions range from president to vice president of finance all the way to bribe chairman. Everyone in a fraternity or sorority is a leader, whether youre an officer, on a committee, or just a participant. You will learn by doing.You will learn how to manage a budget, run e ffective meetings, speak in public, and motivate others. These are skills that will help you not only within the university but throughout your life. These days it takes more than just a degree to get a job, it takes leadership experience. Being a part of something that has a lot of center behind everything is an amazing feeling. Being a part of a sorority/ fraternity and forming that sisterhood/ brotherhood is such an amazing thing. You know people have your back all the time, and you know you are not alone.Everyone is going through the same thing. Learning life skills while being part of a Greek establishment will help you so much later down the road. Whether you hear good or bad things about joining a house, give it a chance. You will never understand the meaning behind everything if you dont give it a try. Lauren Borders negative outlook on the Greek system is mistaken, because she overlooks the positives of what it has to offer. Everything was based on hearsay and personal opi nion. She had nothing to back up any of her points.

Traffic Problems

pic A research Report on Traffic problems in boastfully Cities (Islamabad) pic By Aqsa Shahzadi (100827) Basharat Jamil (100811) Kaneez Amna (100869) Sidra Tul Muntaha (100809) Hamza Ashraf (100803) Submitted to Mr. Naveed Ahsan Business communication BBA-3B pic Air University Islamabad pic Table of Content Contents Page No 1. Introduction3 1. 1 Core issue3 1. 2 Purpose3 1. 3 Scope3 1. 4 Methodology3 1. 4. 1 Findings5 3. Traffic jams in different areas of Islamabad city8 4. Causes of Traffic Problem. 9 5. Solutions to Traffic Problems10 6. Limitations11 7. References11 8. Interview Questions. 12 pic 1.INTRODUCTION 1. 1 CORE ISSUE Our core issue is traffic problems at the entrance areas of Islamabad. Why mostly traffic jams in these area and how traffic is controlled in those areas by the traffic police. 1. 2 PURPOSE People suffer a lot of problem due to traffic jam. We must give solutions to control traffic and turn away traffic jams. Students, teachers, office workers face problem s because sometimes due to coming late they miss their meetings and face former(a) problems as well. 1. 3 SCOPE We are working(a) at the entrance areas of Islamabad i. e. Barakow and Golra. Sometimes due to heavy protocols nation face traffic jams.Major traffic jams are at school and office timings. We too face traffic problem on Friday. We will give solutions to the problems to solve this issue. 1. 4 METHODOLOGY We adopted two types of methodologies which are as follow 1. vicenary methodology. 2. Qualitative methodology. pic QUANTITATIVE METHODOLOGY We collect data through questionnaire. Our sample space is 30. We distributed 30 questionnaires among the students of Air University. We collected data from both male and egg-producing(prenominal) students. 15 questionnaires were filled by female students and 15 were filled by male students. We will also give the analysis report of our survey. pic pic 1. 4. 1 FINDINGS afterward survey the responses of male and female students wit h percentage is given below Q. NO. QUESTIONS MALE FEMALE YES NO YES NO 1. Buses and trucks creating traffic problem. 93. 33% 6. 67% 86. 67% 13. 33% 2. Signals helping to control traffic. 86. 67% 13. 33% 93. 3% 6. 67% 3. Traffic police performing his duty well. 80. 00% 20. 00% 53. 33% 46. 67% 4. Long routes creating a lot of problems. 33. 33% 66. 67% 46. 67% 53. 33% 5. Traffic problems are cause of accidents. 80. 00% 20. 00% 93. 33% 6. 67% 6. More roads reduce traffic jam. 80. 00% 20. 00% 80. 00% 20. 00% 7. short roads and number of cars are the causes of traffic 100. 00% 0. 00% 80. 0% 20. 00% problems. 8. Are you satisfied from the process of selecting players for 100. 00% 0. 00% 93. 33% 6. 67% different games? 9. More cars due to bank financial backing are also causes of traffic 60. 00% 40. 00% 66. 67% 33. 33% problem. 10. Old cars and trucks are creating traffic problems. 66. 67% 33. 33% 66. 67% 33. 33% 11. Lack of traffic intelligence among people is also a cause of traffic 100. 00% 0. 00% 93. 33% 6. 67% problems. 12. organization is taking steps to avoid traffic jams. 33. 33% 66. 67% 40. 00% 60. 00% 13. Government is creating awareness among people about traffic. 33. 33% 66. 7% 33. 33% 66. 67% 14. Civil administrations fail to solve traffic problems. 66. 67% 33. 33% 66. 67% 33. 33% 15. Non-custom vehicles contributing to increase traffic. 80. 00% 20. 00% 100. 00% 0. 00% pic The following graph is showing the responses of males in Yes/No and also in percentage. pic pic The following graph is showing the responses of females in Yes/No and also in percentage. pic QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY We interviewed one of the police officers at Golra.The questions we asked from him are attached at the end of this report. pic 3. TRAFFIC JAMS IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF ISLAMABAD city pic pic pic pic 4. CAUSES OF TRAFFIC PROBLEMS 1. Small roads for the number of cars and motor cycles. 2. Broken roads in some areas as people dont like to give the sack from the broken part so traffic increases on rest of the road. 3. More cars due to bank financing. Now everyone can afford a car so more cars are there on the road. 4. Old cars and trucks. Government doesnt have a clear policy about old cars and trucks. Even 30 years old cars are still running on roads like foxy & Suzuki. . Lack of traffic sense amongst the people. People dont have traffic sense. Traffic police and media should play their role in creating traffic sense amongst the people. pic pic 5. SOLUTIONS TO TRAFFIC PROBLEMS 1. First we have to use more oftentimes the unrestricted transport. This is the best solution. Also we would recommend to walk a little more or to ride a bicycle. 2. Have a proper public transport system and it is in our hands to reduce the use of our car every day by using public transport. 3. piss the conditions of roads good, Make more lanes on the road and making alternative routes. 4.Create traffic awareness amongst the people though media and other sources. 5. Traffic problems can be reduced by either increasing road capacity (supply), or by reducing traffic (demand). 6. Different timing of starting and closings of offices and schools to avoid the rush in the morning, good afternoon and evening on roads. 7. Make strict laws make them force able through traffic police. Government should put their best efforts to avoid traffic jams and other traffic problems. 8. Old cars should be scrapped and bank financing should be for commercial cars only. pic pic pic 6.LIMITATIONS 1. Convince Problems. 2. Non availability of traffic police officer. 3. Hard university scheduled. 4. Police officer was not willing to give interview. 7. REFERENCES ? www. google. com ? www. wikipedia. com ? Police officer pic 8. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS. 1. What difficulties do you face in controlling the traffic? 2. Do people follow the rules and regulations? 3. Do people cooperate? How is their behavior? 4. How do you manage the traffic when there is a rout? 5. How do you act when there is accident and what are your precautions? 6. Rush hours get to a problem for you. How do you manage?

Group Development Model Essay

You are required to organize your company dinner. The company has chosen 20 people from various departments to be in the dinner committee. Using a base development model, discuss the stages that the group will go through from the first base to the end of the task (organizing dinner). A group is defined as two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals. dress groups are working groups defined by the organizational structure that have designated work assignment and task. Informal groups are groups that is independently formed to meet the companionable take ins of their members.There are five stages in a group development model which are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. The forming stage in which people amount of money the group and then define the groups purpose, structure and leadership. Team members tend to behave quite independently. The members of the team get to retire one another, central some person al information, and make new friends. Supervisors of the team tend to need to be directing during this phase. From 20 people, I will decide who is going to be decorating sub committee, food sub committee, funding sub committee, marketing sub committee, program sub committee, and volunteer sub committee.Because of they are from different departments, they tend to know each other first before they start working. They have to determine what activities and programs are already in place and serving the needs of the community. Determine the need for the dinner and availability of resources. The next stage is storming. Storming stage characterizes by intragroup conflicts and disagreement among group members. Team members open up to each other and demo each others ideas and perspective. Norm whollyy tension, struggle and sometimes arguments occur.Supervisors of the team during this phase may be more accessible, but tend to remain directive in their guidance of decision-making and professi onal behavior. All the subcommittee has to set goals for the dinner. They have to know their target population and their desired objective or taboocome. They have to brainstorm ideas and at this stage tout ensemble ideas are good ideas. They also can explore the idea of partnership to share the workload or get mileage out of the work they do. The third stage of group development is norming stage. It is characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness.The team manages to have one goal and come to a mutual proposal for the team at this stage. Some may have to give up their own ideas and agree with others in order to make the team function. In this stage, all team members take the responsibility and have the ambition to work for the success of the teams goals. The sub committee now able to find a leader among them and establish a small but effective working group with a broad range of skills that is able to function as a team. The subcommittee also has to compare the skills and abilities of the committee members against the task to be performed to determine what training is required.Besides that, they have to determine the actual fiscal resources necessary. The fourth stage of group development is performing stage when the group is fully functional and work on group tasks. The team members are now competent, autonomous and able to dish out the decision-making process without supervision. Supervisors of the team during this phase are almost always participative. Even the most high-performing teams will revert to earlier stages in certain circumstances. At this stage, all sub committees implement what they plan before.They are co-operating together and help each other to succeed the dinner. Each member knows their responsibilities and tasks. The marketing subcommittee has to publicize to catch the charge of their target group and make them want to seek more information about the dinner. The program subcommittee has to make sure all needed material such as equipment is on hand and in good working order. The final stage of group development stage is adjourning stage which group members are bear on with wrapping up activities rather than task performance. This stage involves completing the task and breaking up the team.

Child Development and Rights Essay

There is little evidence of what it was re e very(prenominal)(prenominal)y like in the past so it is difficult for a lot of flock to re-construct the life of a pincer, however from what I have researched, and in my own opinion I am going to summarise the historical changes in puerility experience and relate these changes to childhood development and rights.In the 19th century I think children missed out on most of their childhood as most of them took on jobs such as chimney sweepers, street sellers and farms for example. These were principal(prenominal)ly children from poor families who were seen as extra farm hands and were exploited by receiving depleted pay for long hours and working in poor conditions. Families did not look at how the children were treated and the possible impact on parts of their development (such as their social skills, health and education).When the government promised all children the same rights in 1989 it dished out a lot of development and gave them a childhood to enjoy. For exampleThe right to be protected from exploitation of labour, drug abuse, sexual exploitation, sale, trafficking and abductionThis meant children now didnt have to work and had excessively been givenThe right to education, training and special needs computer backup where necessaryThis improved social skills and social relationships as they where able to mix with other children in school and out of school, instead of having to miss school oft or not attend at all because of the long hours and also the p arents could not afford to lose their financial contributions. Childrens health was not full and child mortality rate was high, mainly due to overcrowding, poor diet and the poor working conditions which so many workhouse children didnt live to become adults. These are the children who never recovered from years of chronic malnutrition.The right to health and medical servicesThis gave rights to free healthcare in Britain which originally came out in 1948 (NHS) and a decline in childhood illnesses as children were given vaccines summing up child mortality improved. Other parts of the developmental framework such as identity, self-care skills, worked up and behavior is that they never developed them fully as they grew up too fast so they could go to work and look after other siblings. in like manner from what my grandad has told me, back then they werent allowed to express themselves as they would get emotional and physical abuse towards them, so they just carried on with everyday life. They was laden families and was a lot easier from them as they had the money to attend a private school or was home-schooled. They were also encouraged to donate money and goods to the poor.Kerry WoolfordEven though a legislation was drawn up and improved childhood education, healthcare and welfare, children were and even now in modern-day society around the world are being taken advantage of for monetary gain.Modern society now in particular sinc e 1997 have tried putting children first such as committing to group meeting childrens needs. There are still problems such as school truancy, adolescents not in education or training and also child protective covering as there have been tragic deaths including baby P and Victoria climbie, which her death was largely responsible for the formation of every child matters inactive plus a lot of other changes in different systems,2. Discuss how family systems are influential in child development processes and include challenges to meeting a childs needs, such as conflicts and poor parenting practices.Family systems can influence in a childs development process as the family is on of the main tools for the structure of personality. Parents now days are so inundated with work and/or social relationships that they neglect to spend time with them and fail to communicate with the children and also large number of families consist of any mother and child(ren) because the fathers are absent s o it could lead to poor parenting. Im not saying all single mothers lead to this because I know this from my own experience but according to a study in America in 2006 a disoriented family structure leads to education difficulty for children, sayingwhen it comes to education achievement, children living with their own married parents do significantly better than other children.An example of one family that I looked at and found interesting was that both parents were excessive drinkers and argued a lot, the father was also physically abusive and their 2 children could be affected all they musical mode in till they reach adulthood by being angry and never trusting male-female relationships as all they have seen in their parents relationship is a war zone. They have never seen problems resolved constructively, so maybe severely limited in their ability to deal with stressful situations involving the important person in their adult relationships.Challenges in family systems can be har d to meet a childs needs especially during a divorce. It can be very emotional for children during this time as one parent leaves the house or the child is re-locating, leaving the family home that they have ever known. They can blame themselves, especially if they overhear an argument over something the child has done around the same time of the divorce. The child needs to feel more secure during these changes and it will help to assure them the divorce was by grown up issues, not by anything they have said or done, make sure the child access has to both parents when feeling lonely or need reassuring. Most important take the time to talk with your child, and to spend quality time with them regularly.Kerry WoolfordPoor parents practices is the lack of support, observe and harsh punishments which are linked with childrens adjustment, development and well-being. When children misbehave some parents use coercive form of discipline (such as spanking) where other parents rely on non-coe rcive method (such as discussing the consequences of misbehavior). Abusive or neglectful behaviors could cause or have caused serious behavior, cognitive, emotional or mental problems which can lead to affection abuse and crime. Parents that have a great deal in their childs lives, usually have higher grades, fewer behavior problems, less nub use, better mental health, greater social competence and more positive self-concepts.In conclusion even in the 19th century and in modern society is that children want need is the love from their parents, protection, help and be there for them when theres a major problem occurs that could disturb the family system.

Media Studies Review

What theorists say about their theory and how It relates to mass media only 1 theorist Flag Two basic elements In any mass communicating Channel Is way by which centre goes from sender to receiver Noise Interferes with the channel static out of range, Interference etc. This kind of communication Is or so never one way Feedback goes back to sender positive or negative Profit motivates all mass communication Problem is Noise is more(prenominal) than static though there is competition, resistant Feedback isnt really passive like she saysCan be adapted, ignored, changed, sabotage it, undermine it Mclean how his theory explains mass media Defines a medium In the broadest possible way Something In the middle, connects one thing to another It extends our senses Ex writing on the board Im extending my words to a visual thing The message has an impact regardless, the message defines itself Fundamental undermined thing is the way I present a message not what I say Questionable Structure s imposed by the medium define the message Way we send, receive, interact, creates the rules Sometimes medium actually creates the content Ex. Loophole to ask if mom wants milk, wouldnt do that if we had to go to a payphone Because medium extends our senses and controls whats being broadcasted, said or done medium changes us b/c we have phones, we behave differently that those without telephones we arent aware of the process we become subject to anything It does to us we become pawns of technology Unaware b/c we dont see the process Like Mclean does even so if we are aware of it, doesnt mean well react to it Criticism player too much emphasis on one element Says technology is the only thing that mattersOpacity difficult to understand him Berger Totally different, practical and hands on theorist He uses textual analysis to break down what is going on in the message Need to look at the message itself Even in a given medium we make decisions on what we watch/interact with and wha t we dont That shows there Is a deference Even though were exposed to the aforementioned(prenominal) thing repeatedly, we see things differently each time Suggests threes something complex about the way we understand things 4 functions of text Checking the weather Objective creating ones own ingenuousness Cartoons, any invented and artificial view of the worldExpressive the artists moods, the individual feelings Mimetic imitates real life Convention vs.. Invention Fit the mold and dont do anything different vs.. Creating something new and victor Reinforcing vs.. Hellenizing 8 things for analysis Marx Capital explained society Everything came down to labor and how much it was worth Had to be an industrial society of 3 classes Capitalists greedy, demand more currency and push middle class to lower class Bourgeoisie Proletarians going to be pushed farther down because of false reason (buying things they wanton) Commodity fetishism assume unnecessary things peps proletariat falsely conscious Religion is used to deceive and keep them marching to the capitals How does it relate to mickle Media What is used to create the false consciousness by the Capitalists Fits in with Bias its all related to profit Use mass media to profit because they own the big companies and advertise their products for commodity fetishism Mass Media exception the internet and social media where capital messages might not be completely controlled in marks time handing out pamphlets to get messages across Broodier concord with Marx but didnt think economic capital was the only factory Believed in hemolytic capital culture capital, social capital, prestige, education.

BBC The Next Five Years Essay

IntroductionThe purpose of this larn is to investigate the data strategy of the BBC. Having reviewed the various moods of enquiry, we capture decided that the unbounded mode is the most(prenominal) post everywhere in this instance. Using this, we pack investigated the BBCs1 IS strategy, examining the outer factors that may make water an affect upon its formulation and design. In step-up we pick up reviewed other issues pertinent to the BBC to determine the accomplishable negative of these might have on the strategy. last we have looked at the next cardinal years to evaluate the relevance that signifi stackt advances over that catch might have on the BBC IS strategy.Enquiry governance In compiling this report we need kickoff to decide what method we be going to plan our research upon. in that respect argon louver primary enquiry modes ranging from the simple to the manifold and innovative.Enquiry Modes1) Inductive-Consensual As the words suggest this mode of enquiry relies upon peerless r for each onenessing a single conclusion by exploitation a stayricted range of interpretations, for sample from previous researches into the subject matter. The result is influenced by the general consent of these opinions. For font if one asked the question Is humankind service broadcast medium superior to commercial, and this was only put to BBC employees, the consensus is promising to answer affirmatively.2) Analytic-deductive This mode shape upes the problem or enquiry from a different aspect. In this case the problem is broken d aver into its component social functions. separately one of these move is then analysed and bear witnessed for logic. Once this process is complete a formula is utilize to build the results from the abbreviation of those single-valued functions into a single solution that addresses the problem.3) Dialectic One of the more complex of the enquiry modes, the dialectic mode is based upon conflict or differen t view omens. It does not question the data, simply the views that are expressed about it, working on the basis that by countersign of the variance a logical conclusion go out be reached. A relevant argument for this mode would be the discussion about whether the BBC should be completely in imparted to sell advertising space in the same focussing of life that the commercial media does.4) aggregate reality Multiple reality recognizes that people bequeath procession problems from a predetermined viewpoint, based upon their possess experience and training. For example an Accountant entrust look at the commissioning of a bare-assed basal BBC sit-com from a different angle of the program planner. This process in that respectfrom relies upon the problem existence addressed from a number of viewpoints, which impart essentially come up with a range of conclusions.5) Unbounded systems thinking This modes plant on the basis that, in all given smear, all modes of enquiry are automatically brought to bear, and thitherfore cannot be separated. Thus, when addressing a problem every viewpoint and conclusion needs to be taken into account.Similarities and differences alone of the modes described above have similarities. All five rely upon the fact that there is a situation to be addressed in the first place. Additionally the point of the exploration, review and analysis of this problem, for all of the modes is to a) invite knowledge and b) reach a conclusion based on that knowledge, or a solution to the conjecture or problem make up. Modes 1 and 2 above are similar to the extent that they both have a singular approach to the subject matter, relying upon one viewpoint (or consensus) existence the input signal and the result. With modes 3 and 4 the similarities are that both look for a range of viewpoints from which to approach a subject and neither exertion or profess to reach a singular conclusion, preferring instead to provide multiple conclusi ons. Mode 5, in theory, displays the most semblance to all of the others. This is simply because it works on the premises that, in the real world, none of the enquiry systems and modes described can operate independently. Equally there are some major differentials betwixt these systems. The key difference is in their approach to a given situation. Mode one differs from the others in that it relies upon a consensus of opinion from a limited range of roots and seeks a single conclusion.Mode two differs from triad to five for the same reason, but it in any case differs from one in the it analyses the component parts of the problem, rather than relying solely on interpretation. Mode three and four differ from each other in that they treat the conclusion in a different manner, three allowing differing conclusions to be presented, and four, seeking argument between different conclusions. Mode fives similarity is also its difference to the others, namely that it does not limit itself to a particular enquiry mode, instead using all formats.Strengths and weaknesses Inherent in all enquiry modes are enduringnesss and weaknesses, which need to be recognised.Inductive-Consensual. The carriages of this mode rest in the fact that it is focused in one direction, making it simple to use and relatively chop-chop to apply to a given problem. Its weaknesses lie in the limitation of approach and its reliance upon consensus of opinion. There is no attempt to check the validity of core data. Using the BBC example used in the mode description, there is no guarantee that the consensus of agreement is based on a genuine or, because they are employees of the BBC, biased and away opinion.Analytic-deductive. In this instance the strength comes from the fact that the component parts have been analysed before arriving at a conclusion. It bases that conclusion on logic. Its weakness comes from the fact that, like mode 1, it relies heavily upon a single source of operator to address the problem or situation.Both modes 1 and two have a strength that is also a weakness. This relates to the fact that both seek to arrive at a single conclusion. This is strength when given a task that asks for a definitive solution and the receiver does not want to input into this, but a weakness when asked for an opinion or range of solution.Dialectic. The major strength in this mode is that it does allow for differing viewpoints to address a situation, thus relating itself more closely with a real world scenario. Similarly, the fact that it does result in a range of conclusions, and allow these to compete against each other to reach a conclusion is good when seeking a final unified approach. It substance that all the options have an probability to be considered and discussed. The argumentative aspect can be strength inso out-of-the-way(prenominal) as much(prenominal) an approach can often lead to a tempering of divergent views. Weakness mayMultiple reality. interchangeable Di alectic, the multiple approaches have the strength of numerous viewpoints. In this case though, it presents all of the options. This allows the receiver to consider the options from their own particular viewpoint, before they make the final decision.Unbounded systems. The strength of this system is in its unlimited approach to a subject. Using this method ensures that it covers all possible aspects, resulting in a wide range of equiprobable solutions. Its weakness rests in the fact that it is cumbersome and, if used as a tool for a conclusive result, could not facilitate this. In admittance it would be a time consuming project.For the purpose of this take away we will be using the multiple reality mode.Information Systems strategy External environmentSocio- governmental The BBC is a public service broadcasting organisation. Because of this there are more socio-political factors that encounter upon the lodge and its operations than with most other notees. From a social point of view one has to look at both parliamentary procedure as a whole as well as individual groups. Such groups can brood of ethnic, class and disabled minorities. All of these groups expect to receive equality of service from the corporation. This instrument that the corporation needs to ensure that it represents each group indoors all of its programme output. For example, it needs to ensure that within the public face of its broadcasting such minorities are adequately represented, be that in a factual or fictional environment. On the political front the BBC also has to deal with a number of factions. In logical argument with other businesses it has to pay heed to governments and judicial legislation, although the difference that exists with the BBC is that has a adpressed link in that it is a public corporation. Similarly, like other media, regulatory bodies overview its result and output. However, in addition to these, the BBC has two additional political factors to deal with . These are the Royal Charter, which has recently been reviewed (2006) and the BBC Trust.technical schoolnological Trust is one of the key issues, which dictates the rate at which parvenue engineering is taken up. Often the speed at which technology pay backs is the one thing that makes presumption difficult to achieve. No sooner has a user familiarised themselves with one system than this is rendered obsolete by a new one. Davis (2002) in his paper written for the Joint Information Services Committee posed the question that many users were asking. How sure can one be that the outcome of an interaction is what it purports to be?As it operates within the business medium, the BBC has greater access to technology than other organisations. It is an integral part of their broadcasting environment. This includes such body politics as Broadband, digital and interactive technology. internally it uses similar modern technology to other media businesses, in impairment of computers, net work systems in addition to the TV and radio broadcasting technology. The latter includes such things as cameras, characterisation equipment and outside broadcast vehicles.However, as Paul Cheesbrough, BBC head of technology for production and technology direction, admitted in his wonder with Miya Knights (2004), their internal systems do need updating in a number of areas, where he says, Internally, our processes for producing and authoring content have been the same for many years and are still very physical. Its a very distributed set-up with loads of physically-based processes in between. The internal technology of an organisation is important (Glasson 1996)Economic Geographical The BBC, unlike the commercial broadcasting media, does not receive money from other businesses in legal injury of advertising revenue, nor much in the way of sponsorship. It is funded in the main by a system of revenue from the television and radio licence, together with the annual financial suppo rt that it receives from the British government. Despite the wish, within some factions of the corporation to change this situation, so far this has been rejected. The only other of funding available to the BBC is the commercial sales it makes of its programmes to other broadcasting media throughout the world, including vocalise ventures, and sales of its products through other medium, such as books and publications, CDs and DVDs. From a geographical point of view, the BBC is predominately a British based broadcaster, although it does have a world service for radio, originally set up with the intention of providing a link for armed forces overseas. Historically it has concentrated upon this limited geographical area through which to develop and commercialise its products. However, it does mystify programmes relating to and based upon many areas of the world. Nowadays it is also making use of the Internet through which to gallop its audience. To add to its home-based productions, the BBC also buys programmes from other media throughout the world.Impact on IS strategy preparedness and designThe social, legal, political, ethical, and ecological issues facing business have never been more complex or more difficult to comprehend, wrote Stephen Wartick (1997). This asseveration is peculiarly applicable to the BBC. The factors mentioned previously form an intrinsic element of its Information Services at the planning and design stage.From a social point of view the BBC is required to cater for all sectors of society. The means that part of its strategy has to be geared towards minority groups. In addition it has historically been seen as a provider of learning, necessitating part of its selective information system strategy to be used in that direction. Political issues also bear upon upon its planning and design because, as a result of the need to divert resources to other areas set within its charter, this means that there are fewer resources available to pursue avenues that it might otherwise wish to develop. There have been instances in the past where the political forces have tried to introduce a modicum of pressure onto the corporation and, knowing this is a fortuity, must fix on the corporation strategy.The area where the BBC does appear to both attribute its own, and in some respects, making significant advances, is in technology. Whilst internally there are areas that need addressing, from an external and production standpoint the organisation is keeping up to date. Here it has encompassed the changes that have occurred since the Information era began in the 1970s, using modern technology to maintain its reputation as possibly the best broadcaster in the industry.The planning and designing stages are very important. As Paul Cheeseburgh (2004) observed The term digital islands means a lot in our industry, but theres no point in locomote from analogue to digital processes if those islands are disconnected. Nevetherless they have made some of their processes more cost competitive as a result of technology, with the use of digital technology being an example of this.Economics probably has the superior impact on the businesses IS strategies and their planning. Because its funding is subjected to restrictions than other broadcasters, this means that some of the innovative ideas that the BBC might wish to develop may not be possible due to financial restrictions. Similarly, it has a finite budget from which to take advantage of technology advances in the way that it would like to.Geographical issues have an impact on the IS strategy. beingness a media corporation means that they have to plan for communication access sometimes to even the remotest parts of the world, and have a variety of climates to contend with. In the equatorial countries for instance, the corporation has had to make use of refrigerate broadcast vehicles.Impacts on IS strategyRisk Categorization Scales As has been widely publicised, In formation systems and engine room draw out take chancess and these manifest themselves in a number of ways. In all areas of life and business, there is the encounter of antagonize (Stewart 2000) engineering science for instance, suffers from hacking, virus and other dangers instigated from outside sources. Then there are the mechanical and accidental risks. learned that these events are likely to happen even in the best protected of systems, it is vitally important that this contingency is recognised and addressed at an early stage. Kim Andersen (2005) in his book on the subject, shows how getting things right helps the information system.This is particularly relevant in a broadcasting organisation such as the BBC. At all stages of the exploitation of an IS and IT strategy plan a consequence analysis should be carried out, this is relevant at each subsequent change as well. Within this process one needs to identify where the possibility of risks lies, what casing of risks could attach themselves to the area in question and what the effect of those risks might be. Figure 1 (see appendices) gives an example of a consequence matrix.Effect/probability/Action Grid Having analysed the areas of risks and the types of risks that could occur, one then has to categorise and evaluate the risk. This means that one needs to first work out what the effects of that risk will be. Will it be in favour of the organisations and its IS and IT, or will it be fatal. Or will it be somewhere between the two. The next step it to ascertain the probability factor. What is the likelihood of the risk occurring, negligible or certainly? build up with this information one can then work out what action to take in damage of prevention, assuming that the risk is not to the businesses advantage. Figure 2 (see appendices) shows a simple grid detail the possible results of this analysis.Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA) Following on from the previous analysis, the organ isation needs to work out what impact this potential risk will have on the business. This can be categorised in three ways. Firstly there is surreptitiousity and privacy. The BBC IS and IT systems contain a lot of keen data, both from an internal and external point of view, such as staff and financial details. It could be embarrassing and costly if this information were to be obtained bootlegly, in addition to the fact that it could see the organization facing legal action for breach of confidentiality. This area will impact on the information system, (Mwangama 2006) The second impact of risk could be to the integrity of accuracy of the data. If information is tampered with or altered in any way this would have serious consequences for the business. The third area of impact is when the data or system is corrupted of deleted. In this case the system or database would be uneffective to operate and, in an extreme case the contents and data non-recoverable.Potential Negative Impacts 1) Technical From a technical viewpoint the negative impact of the consequences of risk will attach to the strategy planning and design. For example the BBC would need to ensure that, by the introduction of new and more versatile systems and upgrades, this does not increase the risks. If this appears likely then the direction of the strategy will need to be reappraised. Similarly, if by installing new software program the system suits less secure in call of the data access, the necessity and cost benefit of new software should be evaluated. This may result in technology and information system upgrades being delay until such time as the security of the hardware can be guaranteed to be as risk proof as possible.2) Non-Technical The organisation also needs to look at the negative issues that the consequence of risk may raise in relation to human and business processing issues. Employees and others involved with the Corporation have a right to expect personal information to be mainta ined in a confidential and secure manner. The shoulders of the organisation that has the information, to keep it secure. In addition to this is the damage of such a risk to the business processes. It is not only losing of the programmes, which would prove costly enough, it is also the potential of lost data, which in some areas could be irreplaceable.Ethical Issues Added to all of the above are the ethical issues surrounding risk. The BBC, like all organisations that keep sensitive and personal data, is subject to both the data protection ACT and their own professional code of air and ethics. These include a duty to not harm those for whom you are responsible for and to respect their right to privacy, which includes ensuring that any personal information that they give to you are kept safe.Thus it cannot be passed to a third party, either by the organisation itself or by the intervention of an outside party. Even if that third party is committing an illegal act it does not absolve the corporation from liability. In the modern legal environment, if such an event occurs, the possibility of legal action being taken the organisation is very likely. The code of conduct for the BBC also states that it sees part of its duty being to respect and honour human rights. This extends to ensuring that the technology that is installed within its systems offers the same rights. In addition to the rights of the individual whose rights have been violated there is the impact that such a breech will have on the corporations own reputation. According to a newspaper report written by Owen Gibson (2005) the BBC recently rewrite their code of ethics to take account of some of these issues.The Next Five Years Strategic planning for the afterlife of information systems is important. (Ward & Peppard 2002) A business needs a clear vision of where it is trying to go. (Andersen 2004) and to produce the correct strategy the BBC needs to know what events will impact on the strategy.Extern al changesIn call of the future, the next five years are likely to produce changes of significance in terms of IS and IT in a number of areas, in hard and software ( retick Haggerty 2006). The advances in wireless technology are one area where these advances are proving to be particularly rapid. This development will allow both television and computers to become really possible, with consumers able to carry the receivers in pockets.They will then be in a lieu of being able to view at any time and in any place. Wireless technology development will also have an impact on broadcasting in that it will allow ease of access for people involved in news coverage, such as with the BBC. Using these systems, particularly in their news department, the corporation will be able to achieve instant news reporting from almost anywhere in the world. In addition the reports will be able to be accessed and report on air in real time, in other words as it happens.Continued development in satellite te chnology will also improve the ability of the BBC to achieve its strategy of moving closer towards a more on-demand consumer environment.Video conferencing is set to be one of the main suppurateth areas in technology over the next five years. (Laura Hailstone 2006). This technology is already being used and implemented by a growing number of businesses. In addition to the business use, this technology is set to move into the backstage sector, allow for projects such as games shows to be conducted with participants not having to move from their home. With increasing computer technology being incorporated within television sets, the opportunities are available for television presenters to be able to interact at one time with the consumer.There will be continued developments in the field of interactive media. The continuing improvements in this area will eliminate the need for there to be two or three machines in a household in order to give the consumer flexibility and choice. Wit hin the next five years the quick-wittedness of recording direct from the TV should improve substantially, allowing additional onset recording facilities, improving upon what systems such as sky offer already. Interaction will also affect the BBCs learning facilities leading to closer interaction between teacher and learner, (G. Conole et al 2000). B. Davies (2002) also showed how modern and future information system developments are impacting on users in the education arena.An area of significant relevance to the BBC is the continued development of compact entrepot systems, such as the MP3. From an internal point of view this will mean less space utilize for storage of produced material, therefore reducing the corporations costs in the area of storage.With the increase in globalisation, business systems will also witness significant innovation over the next five years. Such programmes as the multi-national, multi-lingual come forth chain software could be implemented within the BBC, providing it with more accuracy and accessibility in terms of its global operations, allow it to work more closely with the stakeholders who supply the corporation and ensure that the quality of the product is maintained.Internal changes The BBC will see changes in a number of areas of IS and IT. It is expected that within the next five years media broadcasters will need to keep updating their technology and systems to meet the increasing demands from the public in the way in which programmes are presented.Digital development is something that the BBC sees as having a significant effect over their programming abilities over the next five years. From the point of view of the production side of their programmes, a test run on one programme has shown that it produces a significant cost reduction.More developments of this nature are planned. Development of the digital technology for the end user is also seen as a means of being able to extend the ability of the viewer to have more control over the way in which they organise their personal viewing or listening schedules. The corporation is planning to use this to restructure the way in which it produces programmes and extend the range of interaction with the consumer.Further developments on the World Wide Web are also being looked at. This will provide the BBC with the ability to make its services available in a number of new ways, including providing a service where programs can be downloaded and watched for a limited period, thereby avoiding the possibility of this being stored and affecting others possible sales of the programmes. As part of this development they are working with all of the major software organisations in the development of products, which will open new opportunities in terms of programming.The BBC sees, what its Director-General Mark Thompson (2005) On Demand television as the way forward in technology. In addition to this the BBC are also developing ways in which their programmes can be transmitted for screening on a range of portable devices.From an in house perspective the BBC sees that IT developments over the next five years will enable it to integrate all of its in house operations, linking together internal systems that previously have been disconnected. Internally there will also be changes in terms of office systems and other related technology usages. Microsofts chief technology officer, in his interview with Chris Nuttall (1999) stated that every five years there is a revolution in the computer industry. Therefore it is necessary that organisations like the BBC have a strategy prepared for it.EvidenceResearch shows that all of the changes outlined are evidenced. Tafazolli, Rahim (2006) comments that the days of the totally wireless technology are close and that soon consumers will be able to access the media wherever they are.Future Tech (2006), have noted that one organisation is already well advanced on a system of voice recognition for the purpose of m edia viewing, amongst other applications.The article also reveals that MIT are developing the computer glasses, which will make operation of computers and televisions much less tiresome, allowing the consumer to operate TV and Computer without using hands. The article also reveals that hardware companies are working to make the computer less visible. This means that, instead of the current boxful on the desk, they may be incorporated in the TV or portable devices, which can be, dictated and operated from anywhere.The BBC launched Creative Future Project. Part of the remit for this project is to continue to monitor the advances in new technology with a view to using the technology as part of its development strategy for the future. The project, and the BBCs IT department are working with a number of the largest software houses, such as Microsoft and Apple, to development programmes and systems which can assist in the development of broadcasting.Energy consideration is already an ar ea that the BBC is aware of. In the future the role of Information systems and technology will take on more significance in terms of its contribution to energy conservation, (J & R. Franchi 2004)BibliographyAndersen, Kim Viborg. (2004) The Past and Future of Information Systems. Butterworth-Heinemann LtdCarpenter, Leona, Shaw, Simon and Prescott, Andrew (eds) (1988) Towards the Digital Library, The British Library, LondonConole, G., Jacobs, G., Squires, D (ed) (2000), The changing Face of Learning Technology. Cardiff University of Wales Press, 1-3.Davies, B. (2002), How new technologies are impacting on users, Joint Information Systems Committee. Retrieved 17 July 2006 from http//www.jisc.ac.uk/index.cfm?name=pub_inform2Franchi, John. R. Franchi (2004) Energy, Technology and Directions for the Future. Elsevier Academic Press.Future Tech. (2006) Future Computing. Retrieved 12 July 2006 from http//www.pages.drexel.edu/jwb24/newtech/integrate.htmlGibson, Owen. (2005) New Ethics Code f or BBC. The GuardianGlasson, Bernard, C, Vogel, Doug, Bots, Pieter and Nunamaker, Jay (1996) Information Systems and Technology in the International Office of the Future. Chapman & Hall. UKHaggerty, Mark. (2005) GMS Software development. The next five years. Clientside NewsHallstone, Laura (2006). VC market set to grow over the next five years. Retrived 16 July 2006 from www.vcunet.comKnights, Miya (2004) Interview with Paul Cheeseburgh BBC sees new technology horizons. Retrieved 18 July 2006 from http//www.vnunet.com/vnunet/analysis/2132111/bbc-sees-technology-horizonMwangama, Ena. (2006) Information in the Next Five Years. Retrieved 18 July 2006 from http//www.comptechlib.com/326.htmlNuttall, Chris. (1999). Windows to lose its crown within five years. Retrieved 10 July 2006 from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/253592.stm/Press Release (2006) Response to the white paper. Retrieved 16 July 2006 from http//www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/03_march/14/white.shtm l criticism of the BBCs Royal Charter. (July 2006). Retrieved 17 July 2006 from http//www.bbccharterreview.org.uk/pdf_documents/BBCRoyal%20Charter_july06.pdfStewart, R.A. (2000). Dam Risk Management (Invited Paper). Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering (GeoEng2000). Melbourne, pp. 721-748.Tafazolli, Rahim (2006) Technologies for the Wireless Future. Wireless World Research Forum. UKThompson, Mark (Director General) (2005) Creative Future Project. Retrieved 16 July 2006 from http//www.bbc.co.uk/thefuture/text/creative_future.htmlWard, John and Peppard, Joe. (2002) Strategic Planning for Information Systems. John Wiley & SonsWartick, Stephen L. (1997) International Business and Society. Blackwell Publishers1 British bare Corporation